Absolutely white, whites of the eye, is a myth. Veins in the eyes are and must be visible in healthy eyes. It is only when the red veins are dilated, the eye appears red. The drying up of lubricants and other protective fluids in the eye can cause irritation in the eye and result in unaccustomed redness and dilation of the veins in the eye. This makes the veins stand out on the whites of the eye giving the eye a reddish color.

Dry eye is also known as Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), or keratitis sicca, sicca syndrome, xerophthalmia, dry eye syndrome (DES), or simply dry eyes. This is an eye disease caused by decreased tear production or increased tear film evaporation from the eye commonly found in humans and some animals. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a Latin term that means “dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva”.

A good night’s sleep and repeated lubrication of the eye may not solve the problem, if the dry eye condition is a symptom of some deep rooted systemic problem.

What causes dry eyes? Environmental factors, aging, diseases such as the Sjogren’s syndrome or lifestyles could cause dry eyes. For instance people who constantly stare at the computer monitor without blinking can develop dry eyes over a period of time. Dry eyes could also be caused by obstructions in the tear ducts which reduces the amount of fluids that flow in to the eye.

What are the symptoms of dry eyes? A dry eye is a condition that normally does not produce any eye irritation and hence patients with dry eyes do not actually realize that they have a problem of dry eyes. Chronic dry eyes could result in pain in the eye, light sensitivity, constant gritty sensations, itching, redness and blurring of vision.

Sometimes, people with dry eyes may have excessive tears overflowing the eyes and running down the cheeks causing some confusion about the condition. However, this should be correctly interpreted as a distress signal that the eye is being deprived of lubrication and other protective fluids and is signaling the nervous system for compensation. The response is a flood of tears in the eyes. However, these tears tend to arrive too late and the eye needs to be treated and regenerated.

Diagnosis of dry eyes is done using routine clinical exams and other specific tests such as Schirmer test to determine how much moisture is present in the eye and the severity of the problem. Dyes such as fluorescein or rose Bengal are used to stain the eye surface and determine how much of the surface is dry. Another test that is often used is teat break up time test (TBUT) which helps doctors determine the time taken by the eye to respond with tears to foreign particles in the eye.

In several cases mild dry eye conditions can be set right by the use of preservative free lubricating drops in the eye. Chronic dry eyes are treated with artificial tear drops and ointments, temporary or permanent puntal occlusion, Restais, other medications using tropical steroids and surgery.

Welcome to science time! This article will discuss optical coherence tomography (OCT), an advanced technology widely used in eye examination, and introduce the basic principles and sequence of OCT image reading to help people better understand this convenient and non-invasive ophthalmic examination tool. Have you got the OCT image of the fundus, are you still worrying about how to interpret it?

Looking at the complex structure of the retina, are you still wondering where to start?

OCT, or Optical coherence Tomography, is a technique that uses the principle of light reflection to make microscopic images. It has the advantages of non-invasive, simple, rapid and accurate, and has become an important tool for the study of various fundus diseases. The principle of OCT film reading is based on the difference in optical reflection between different microscopic tissues. When the light shines on the surface of the tissue, a part of the light will be reflected back, and the internal structure of the tissue can be analyzed by detecting the reflection. In OCT images, the level of reflectance can be represented by color or gray scale, forming a false color or gray scale map.

When reading OCT, the following principles should be followed:
1. Before analyzing the light reflection characteristics of the tissue, it is necessary to first determine the way (false color or gray scale) of the OCT film to indicate the level of reflection.

2. Perform OCT image analysis in a certain sequence to ensure that no important information is missed.

3. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, find out the changes of morphological structure and explore the reasons for the changes.

4. Combined with the patient's chief complaint, medical history, fundus color ultrasound, angiography and other examinations, the correct diagnosis was obtained after comprehensive evaluation.

OCT image reading can be performed in the following steps: general outline → structure of retinal layers (see the figure below) → choroidal layer → measurement of relevant data, paying attention to the symmetry of both eyes → comprehensive analysis to give a diagnosis.
The qualitative analysis includes morphological observation of the changes in the overall contour and structure of the retina, as well as based on reflexes
Quantitative analysis mainly measures thickness, volume and area.

Through the introduction of this article, I believe that everyone has a deeper understanding of the magic of OCT, let us look forward to the future development of OCT technology in the field of ophthalmology! Also welcome to contact us, we are Zhiding Medical Technology Co., Ltd.

Tel : +86-137 3544 0201
Email : sales@zd-med.com
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Diabetes is not diabetes caused by eating too much sugar. It occurs when the pancreas is no longer able to make insulin, or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces. Sustained high blood sugar can cause serious diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves and teeth. In addition, people with diabetes are at higher risk of developing infections. Diabetes is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure and lower limb amputations in almost all high-income countries.

Shockingly, 1 in 10 adults has diabetes. Almost half go undiagnosed.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20-65 years. About one-third of people with diabetes have diabetic retinopathy, and one in 10 will develop the vision-threatening disease. About 70% of diabetic patients have systemic small blood vessel and microvascular disease

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of diabetic microangiopathy, and has become the leading cause of blindness among adult blind people in developed countries.

In my country, with the increase of diabetic patients, DR has increasingly become an important eye disease that endangers the eyesight of middle-aged patients. Therefore, it is very necessary for the elderly, especially those with diabetes, to check their fundus regularly.

According to the latest epidemiological data in 2020, the proportion of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with type 2 diabetes in my country is as high as 30.1%, and women are especially at greater risk.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the direct result of chronic high blood sugar that damages retinal capillaries, leading to leaky and clogged capillaries that can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Diabetes can also contribute to the development of eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, refractive errors and double vision.
Diabetic retinopathy can lead to blindness, but for most patients, blindness is largely preventable. Diabetic retinopathy is usually asymptomatic in its early stages and requires regular eye examinations to judge the condition of the retina and give appropriate treatment in a timely manner.
Diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed and promptly referred to an ophthalmologist for treatment, laser photocoagulation and/or intravitreal injections can stop further vision loss and in some cases even improve vision if treated early .
When DR progresses to advanced disease (vision has been impaired), the treatment options are very limited, and advanced DR requires repeated treatments (such as laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs), but the effect is often ineffective. Ideal, resulting in a heavy socio-economic burden. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the risk factors that can help prevent the occurrence of DR and delay the progression of DR.

In 1991, Huang et al. of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology first used the developed OCT to observe the isolated human retina and optic disc.

 in 1995,it was officially used in ophthalmology. The initial clinical application of OCT is OCT1, with only 10 scanning procedures and 7 analysis procedures.

In 1997, the OCT2 scanning procedure was increased by 2 and the analysis procedure was increased by 4. In terms of retinal thickness measurement and RNFL thickness measurement, OCT2 has better repeatability, and the measurement of macular thickness has a variation value of <11μm.

In 2002, the appearance of Stratus OCT, namely OCT3, marked a new stage of OCT technology. OCT3 provided 18 scanning procedures and 19 analysis procedures, and the scan images of the macular area could identify more layers.

In 2006, frequency domain OCT appeared, faster scanning speed, higher resolution.

Our body is having blood that circulates throughout the body. It is the main part of our circulatory system. It carries hemoglobin, which is the only provider of oxygen to every cell of the body. But, due to various incidents, our body loses blood. We may face the accident, get an injury or have the low percentage of hemoglobin count in the body. In all these cases, transfusion plays a very important part. There are certain steps that both patients and doctors keep in mind during venipuncture. In the earlier days, the nurse directly takes the blood from the vein with the help of the needle. But, this process has lots of disadvantages.

A patient can face lots of problems when he or she is giving the blood. Moreover, when the patient is a small kid, he may move his hands at the time of vein puncturing. This creates lots of difficulties. Transfusion is difficult during some conditions when the patient is suffering from cancer, he is old, has shrinkage skin, he is restless, suffering from drug abuse, obese or he is a burn victim. Keeping in mind all these, the doctor should maintain some techniques to make the process successful.

1. The doctor suggests the patient not to eat heavy or drink alcohol while coming for transfusion. It is better not to drive the car alone while coming to the chamber. The patient should has constant calm mind when coming to the clinic.

2. When the patient comes in the clinic, he or she can sit quietly for some time to reduce the tension.

3. When the patient is ready, the nurse cleans the hands with gel cleanser or soap and water. This ensures no germ in the body.

4. The doctor does some of the special tests, and then the process of venipuncture is ready. The professional find the vein, but she punctures the vein with the help of the needle and draws the blood.

The use of the needle is becoming not as popular in these days as it is difficult to find the vein at times. One of the most effective ways to find the right place of the vein is by the help of a machine or the vein viewing system. There are various companies that offer this type of instrument for the doctors to make the process of venipuncture easier. This instrument is having lots of benefits as compared to the needle puncturing.

Godwin Moses is a reputed author and he writes various articles on medicine and various latest medical advancements. He suggests the doctors to use the right type of vein viewing system for the perfect blood transfusion.

Dry eye symptoms such as dry, irritated eyes, itchiness and burning, red eyes, can be quite annoying and distressing to many people. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, an estimated 3.2 million women age 50 and over and over 1.68 million men age 50 and over are affected by this eye condition. This condition also affects a smaller percentage of young people. If you are concerned about this eye problem, the good news is that certain changes incorporated into your lifestyle in terms of work habits, diet and drinking a lot of water, can reduce dry eye.

The risk factors for dry eye are generally associated with the following: age, gender,diet, work habits, environmental factors and climate. According to the American Optometric Association, in the case of dry eyes, the eyes do not produce a sufficient amount of tears to lubricate and nourish the visual system.

 Women are more prone to this eye condition due to the fact that hormonal changes in the body contribute to a decrease in tear production. Other risk factors include the excessive consumption of caffeinated beverages such as coffee,sodas, smoking, and excessive close up work at the computer. Individuals living in cold and winter climates are also prone to this eye problem.

If you feel that you have symptoms of dry eye syndrome, you need to go to the hospital for dry eye examination in time.

In clinical practice, choroidal rupture caused by indirect external force is common. Blunt trauma can cause rapid deformation of the eyeball, leading to anterior and posterior compression and horizontal expansion of the eyeball. Collagen rich sclera and flexible retinal tissue rarely rupture, while bullet free RPE, Bruce membrane and choroidal capillaries are easy to rupture.

The incidence of choroidal rupture accounts for 5%~10% of cases of blunt eye injury, 80% of which occurs in the temporal side of the optic disc or involves the fovea. Histopathology shows choroidal rupture accompanied by hemorrhage, fibrovascular tissue proliferation and RPE proliferation. The retina may have simple loss of outer tissue or continuous interruption of the whole layer of tissue, and the final rupture area will be healed by the reaction of fibroglia.

Traumatic macular hole occurs in about 1.4% of patients after blunt eye injury, which may be the result of combined effects of trauma, cystic degeneration, vascular factors, vitreous traction and other factors, usually formed a few days after injury. Some cases can heal after 6 months, most of them are young people. There is no liquid accumulation at the hole edge, glial cells or RPE cells proliferate at the hole edge, and fill the gap.

But many scholars believe that waiting for self-healing is not a good policy.

Nowadays, OCT inspection is more convenient and fast. The changes of the rupture site before and after surgical treatment can be viewed more . In fact, not only choroidal rupture or macular hole, but also fundus diseases caused by some systemic diseases can be and analyzed through OCT examination, which not only brings clearer examination reports to patients, but also provides more accurate basis for doctors’ clinical diagnosis. It can be said that it plays a “connecting role” examination and treatment.

The importance of an annual eye exam cannot be overstated.  Not only does it help you keep tabs on any changes in your vision, but it’s a must for detecting the big vision thieves: glaucoma, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), all of which can cause irreparable harm before you’ve even noticed any vision loss.

Bad habit 1: Smoking

Bad habit 2: Staring at your smartphone

Bad habit 3: Not wearing sunglasses

Bad habit 4: Sleeping in your contact lenses

Bad habit 5: Rubbing your eyes

Bad habit 6: Sleeping with your makeup on

Bad habit 7: Heavy drinking

If you have these bad habits, be sure to go to the hospital in time to have your eyes examined.

ZD Medical blood vessel Imager adopts self-developed patented technology to detect subcutaneous superficial veins by infrared ray, and projects Vein Finder System images in real time and in situ on the skin surface, so that medical personnel can check the distribution and direction of blood vessels as needed.

Real-Time Visualization:
1.Projects a live image of the veins directly onto the skin for easy targeting.
2.Provides dynamic updates as the device moves, ensuring accurate alignment.

Safety Features:
1.Non-invasive and radiation-free, ensuring patient safety.
2.Designed for use on all skin tones and in various lighting conditions.

User-Friendly Interface:
1.Intuitive controls with touchscreens, voice assistance, or automatic adjustments.

Applications
Healthcare Settings:
Assists in venipuncture, IV line placement, and other vascular access procedures.

Emergency Medicine:
Useful in critical situations where quick vascular access is required.

Pediatrics and Geriatrics:
Particularly helpful for children, elderly patients, or those with fragile veins.

Home Care:
Supports healthcare providers in home-based medical procedures.

Benefits:
Reduces the need for multiple needle insertion attempts, improving patient comfort and safety.
Saves time for healthcare professionals.
Enhances procedural success rates, particularly in patients with difficult venous access (DVA).
Examples of New Generation Systems
Also welcome to contact us, we are ZD Medical Inc.

Tel : +86-137 3544 0201

Email : sales@zd-med.com
Whatsapp/Mobile : +86-187 9586 9515

ZD Medical  new generation latest upgraded version of split OCT + anterior eye segment function

Model: Optical Coherence Tomography Luminor-D60

LSO technology is used for fundus imaging, which accurately helps you to identify retinal diseases, helps screening and reduce the leakage of diseases in the initial examination, and can greatly improve the efficiency of clinical use.

The ZD Medical Optical Coherence Tomography Luminor-D60 is convenient, fast, clear, smooth and delicate. Equipped with professional analysis software, it makes OCT accurate and efficient in ophthalmic examination and analysis, and is a good helper for clinical diagnosis of fundus diseases.

Multiple functions:

1. Macular analysis-Multiple scanning modes, high-definition imaging, binocular comparison and follow-up comparison are available.
2. Glaucoma analysis - GCC thickness analysis and RNFL thickness analysis are available.
3. Anterior eye segment diagnosis-Corneal structure is clearly visible, thickness of corneal layers can be measured manually or automatically, and atrial angle scanning is accurately aligned.

Also welcome to contact us, we are ZD Medical Inc.

Tel : +86-137 3544 0201
Email : sales@zd-med.com
Whatsapp/Mobile : +86-187 9586 9515